Driving a motor is like grazing the lines between subtle and difficult. Without some much required point of reference, these low-side and high side driver ICs can become even more confusing! Just kidding, we will guide you to learn all that should about those tricky parts.
High and Low side driver ic are specialized microchips that control the operation of motors. The job of these chips is to control how the electricity flows into that motor, so that it behaves as you want. As expected, the high side driver IC is here to manage all positive half of your semiconductor; consume or deliver current. Whereas the low side driver IC manages the negative part of circuit. These two driver ICs types working together ensure that the motor can get enough power to function like it should, and do so efficiently.
There are important parts of the high side driver ICs that help them do their job effectively. The first part they are calling it is a level shifter. This part will take in a low level signal then raise it to the required voltage. It does so, mainly because it is responsible for supplying the required power to run its motor. A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) is another important component. That is the component that takes care of limiting (+ or -) plus releasing electricity from control power to engine. Finally the high side driver ic also has a built in safety feature. Then this feature safeguards from issues like short circuits, which can any way cause damage to the IC and motor.
A few observation about operation of low side driver ICs w.r.t IMO high Side Driver IC and how they work. During a PWM signal, they are managing the voltage on their cathodes since that is what ends up being zero from the rest of our system; no need for level conversion! Therefore, it is inherently more simple and low cost as compared to high side drivers. But, it is important to know that low side drivers are not as strong or capable than high-side drivers and can be used in only few tasks. While they have their place and can be easy to use, there are very definitely going to work better in some classes of applications than others.
If you are controlling a motor, selecting the correct driver IC to power it is critical in making sure that the motor actually functions. You need to know the voltage and current required by your motor first. This information is critical because it will help you in knowing whether to go for a high side or low-side driver IC. Thereafter, you need to figure out the power that IC can tolerate and its frequency specifications as well. This is significant if the driver IC itself could not handle required power level of your motor, it simply might be driving improperly — or even worse.
There can be some performance issues regarding Driver ICs. A short circuit is one of the most prevalent issues, and it can obliterate both -- IC and motor. If more of them were present, this could indicate a short circuit that may need to be removed from the IC and separately checked with your isolation resistance tester in order not affect other easier in identifying conclusions. Overheating is also common and can entirely make the IC to defect. Solving overheating is done by simply making sure the IC operates at cool temperature and that the motor does not draw too much power (causing it to overheat in a condition of high current running).
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